/* CSCI 200: Fix Loop and Function Errors
 *
 * Author: Tyler Beckman
 *
 * Description:
 *    This program illustrates a variety of common loop and function
 *    errors. I have fixed the errors in each section.
 * Note on style guide requirement: The original code used 4 spaces, so I
 * reformatted most of it with clang-format.
 *
 * Copyright 2024 Dr. Jeffrey Paone
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
 * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
 * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
 * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
 * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
 * conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
 * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include <chrono>   // to query the current time
#include <iostream> // for cout, cin, endl etc.
#include <limits>
#include <random> // for mt19937 generator
using namespace std;

#include <cmath>

/**
 * @brief Prints a smiley face into the standard out
 */
void print_smiley_face(void) { cout << ":)" << endl; }

/**
 * @brief adds five to the given parameter
 * @param x integer to be added to
 * @returns parameter plus five
 */
int add_five(int x) { return x + 5; }

/**
 * @brief generates a single random integer number within the expected range
 * @param MIN lower inclusive bound of range
 * @param MAX upper inclusive bound of range
 * @returns random integer within the range [MIN, MAX]
 */
int generate_random_integer(const int MIN, const int MAX) {
  // create the Mersenne Twister generator
  mt19937 mt(
      (unsigned int)chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
  uniform_int_distribution<int> intDist(MIN, MAX);

  return intDist(mt);
}

/**
 * @brief generates a single random floating point number within the expected
 * range
 * @param MIN lower inclusive bound of range
 * @param MAX upper inclusive bound of range
 * @return random float within the range [MIN, MAX]
 */
float generate_random_float(const float MIN, const float MAX) {
  // create the Mersenne Twister generator
  mt19937 mt(
      (unsigned int)chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
  uniform_real_distribution<float> floatDist(
      MIN, std::nextafter(MAX, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()));

  return floatDist(mt);
}

/**
 * @brief sums three integer values
 * @param x first value to be added
 * @param y second value to be added
 * @param z third value to be added
 * @returns the sum of all three parameters
 */
int sum(int x, int y, int z) { return x + y + z; }

/**
 * @brief multiples two floats together
 * @param a first value to multiply
 * @param b second value to multiply
 * @returns the product of the two float parameters
 */
float multiply(float a, float b) { return a * b; }

/**
 * @brief runs test summing numbers in the range [1, N]
 */
void loop_test_1() {
  // FIX = Give "sum" an initial value, adjust the loop condition to be
  // inclusive TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Looping 1 " << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  int n;
  cout << "Enter a number greater than 1 to sum up to: ";
  cin >> n;

  int sum = 0;
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
    sum += i;
  }
  cout << "The sum of the numbers from 1 to " << n << " (inclusive) is: " << sum
       << endl;
}

/**
 * @brief runs test summing set of prices entered by the user
 */
void loop_test_2() {
  // FIX = Move totalPrice = 0 outside of the loop
  // TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Looping 2 " << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  int numItems;
  cout << "How many items do you have? ";
  cin >> numItems;
  cout << endl;

  int counter = 1;
  float totalPrice = 0, price;
  while (counter <= numItems) {
    cout << "Enter the price of item " << counter << ": ";
    cin >> price;
    totalPrice += price;
    counter++;
  }
  cout << "The total price is: " << totalPrice << endl;
}

/**
 * @brief runs test summing numbers in the range [1, N]
 */
void loop_test_3() {
  // FIX = Loop based on the n variable rather than the sum variable, increment
  // the counter variable TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Looping 3 " << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  int n;
  cout << "What number do you wish me to sum to?" << endl;
  cin >> n;

  int sum = 0, counter = 1;
  do {
    sum += counter++;
    cout << "Sum so far: " << sum << endl;
  } while (counter <= n);

  cout << endl << "Section III Recap" << endl;

  cout << "I calculated the sum of numbers from 1 to " << n
       << " (inclusive) as " << sum << endl;
}

/**
 * @brief runs test summing i^2 in the range [1, N]
 */
void loop_test_4() {
  // FIX = Switch increment in for loop to a decrement
  // TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Looping 4 " << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  cout << "I will now calculate the sum of squares from 1 to N (inclusive)"
       << endl;

  int n;
  cout << "Enter N: ";
  cin >> n;

  int sum = 0;
  for (int i = n; i > 0; --i) {
    sum += i * i;
  }

  cout << "The sum of squares from 1 to " << n << " is: " << sum << endl;
}

/**
 * @brief runs test summing i^3 in the range [1, N]
 */
void loop_test_5() {
  // FIX = Adjust loop condition to loop until counter is n (inclusive), move
  // counter increment inside of loop TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Looping 5 " << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  cout << "I will now calculate the sum of cubes from 1 to N (inclusive)"
       << endl;

  int n;
  cout << "Enter N: ";
  cin >> n;

  int sum = 0, counter = 1;
  while (counter <= n) {
    sum += (counter * counter * counter);
    counter++;
  }

  cout << "The sum of cubes from 1 to " << n << " is: " << sum << endl;
}

/**
 * @brief runs test using function to add five to an entered value
 */
void function_test_1() {
  // FIX =
  // TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Function 1" << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  int numTrees;
  cout << "How many trees do you currently have? ";
  cin >> numTrees;
  cout << "There are initially " << numTrees << " trees." << endl;
  numTrees = add_five(numTrees);
  cout << "We planted five trees, there are now " << numTrees << " trees."
       << endl;
}

/**
 * @brief runs test to call a function that outputs a smiley face to the
 * standard out
 *
 */
void function_test_2() {
  // FIX = Implement the smiley face print function
  // TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Function 2" << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  print_smiley_face();
}

/**
 * @brief runs test to generate five random integers within a provided range
 */
void function_test_3() {
  // FIX = Use uniform_int_distribution in the random int function
  // TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Function 3" << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  int min, max;
  cout << "Enter the minimum integer range value: ";
  cin >> min;
  cout << "Enter the maximum integer range value: ";
  cin >> max;

  cout << "Five different random numbers are: " << endl;
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    cout << "\t" << generate_random_integer(min, max) << endl;
  }
}

/**
 * @brief runs test to use function to sum three values
 */
void function_test_4() {
  // FIX = Pass the 3rd number to the sum function
  // TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Function 4" << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  int num1, num2, num3;
  cout << "Enter three integer numbers: ";
  cin >> num1 >> num2 >> num3;
  cout << "The sum of all three is " << sum(num1, num2, num3) << endl;
}

/**
 * @brief runs test to generate five random floats within a provided range
 */
void function_test_5() {
  // FIX = Use uniform_real_distribution in the random float function, and call
  // it rather than using its value TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Function 5" << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  float min, max;
  cout << "Enter the minimum float range value: ";
  cin >> min;
  cout << "Enter the maximum float range value: ";
  cin >> max;
  cout << "Five different random floats are: " << endl;
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
    cout << "\t" << generate_random_float(min, max) << endl;
  }
}

/**
 * @brief runs test to use function to multiply two provided numbers
 */
void function_test_6() {
  // FIX = Implement the multiply function rather than just declaring it
  // TESTS:

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Function 6" << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  float leftHandSide, rightHandSide;
  cout << "Enter two floats: ";
  cin >> leftHandSide >> rightHandSide;
  cout << "Their product is: " << multiply(leftHandSide, rightHandSide) << endl;
}

int main() {
  cout << "Welcome To Looping Function World!" << endl;

  loop_test_1(); // run looping test 1
  loop_test_2(); // run looping test 2
  loop_test_3(); // run looping test 3
  loop_test_4(); // run looping test 4
  loop_test_5(); // run looping test 5

  function_test_1(); // run function test 1
  function_test_2(); // run function test 2
  function_test_3(); // run function test 3
  function_test_4(); // run function test 4
  function_test_5(); // run function test 5
  function_test_6(); // run function test 6

  cout << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;
  cout << "Section Done" << endl;
  cout << "******************" << endl;

  cout << endl
       << "Congrats!  You fixed them all (hopefully correctly!)" << endl
       << endl
       << "Goodbye" << endl
       << endl;

  return 0;
}